Which characteristic is essential for distinguishing between different types of cheese?

The type of milk used is indeed an essential characteristic for distinguishing between different types of cheese. The milk source—whether it is cow, goat, sheep, or another animal—has a significant impact on the flavor, texture, and characteristics of the cheese produced. For instance, cheeses made from cow's milk often have a milder flavor compared to those made from goat's milk, which can have a tangy and distinct taste. This variance allows for a broad array of cheese styles and types, contributing greatly to their unique identities.

While other characteristics, such as color and geographic location, may also play a role in cheese differentiation, they are often influenced by the type of milk used. For example, the milk type can dictate not only flavor but how the cheese is processed and aged, which further affects its final characteristics. Therefore, focusing on the type of milk provides the foundational understanding necessary for distinguishing among the many types of cheese.