What does the term "milk solids not fat" (MSNF) include?

The term "milk solids not fat" (MSNF) is a comprehensive term that encompasses components of milk that remain after the removal of the fat content. The correct option identifies that MSNF includes proteins, lactose, vitamins, and minerals found in milk. This is significant because these components are crucial for the nutritional value of milk and dairy products.

Proteins present in milk, such as casein and whey, play an essential role in various physiological processes and contribute to the growth and repair of tissues. Lactose, the sugar found in milk, is a primary source of energy. Vitamins and minerals in MSNF are vital for metabolic processes and maintaining overall health.

The other choices do not accurately represent the components of MSNF. Some options suggest an inclusion of only fats or water, which do not belong in the definition of MSNF. Thus, understanding the complete makeup of MSNF is important for evaluating the nutritional quality of dairy products.